Researching the Earth's magnetic field

Author: Annique_van_der_Boon

When a conference becomes a virtual conference… #shareEGU

Going to conferences is part of the job of most scientists. Conferences are the place to share your work, discuss (early) results of your research with other scientists, and meet a lot of old friends and new people. They are the places to go when you want to network, start collaborations, look for new jobs and be inspired. The European Geosciences Union organises a general assembly every year in Vienna, usually in April or May. After a few years as a geologist, I had still never been to ‘EGU’, as we call it, and I was very excited to go this year.

At conferences, scientists propose sessions beforehand, and other scientists can then choose sessions that align best with their research, and send in their work for a poster or oral presentation. EGU has a lot of good sessions on science communication and outreach, so we decided to submit an abstract on our stand ‘Magnetic to the Core’, that we had last year at the Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition.

I usually opt for presenting posters at conferences, as I prefer it to oral presentations in front of an audience. With a poster, you have the opportunity to really discuss your work in depth with people who drop by, and talking in front of audiences still makes me  quite nervous. However, this time I decided to go for an oral presentation, as I was feeling confident and enthusiastic about presenting our outreach work of last year.

But then… The world as we knew it changed, when the coronavirus hit everything and everyone. Suddenly a conference with 16,000 visitors from all over the world no longer seemed like such a great idea, and after a few weeks it was announced that EGU was no longer taking place in its usual shape. The organisers decided to still hold the conference, but then entirely virtual. With so many people, it would be difficult to do all the talks as virtual talks, so the format changed a bit.

All presenters can now upload files to the EGU website that can be discussed via a text-chat during the week of the conference. The great thing is that now, the conference is no longer just for scientists, but everyone can participate! I made our contribution as an interactive PDF, which will guide you through our stand at the exhibition last year. There are lots of links to click to videos and social media, so have a look here. If you have a Copernicus account, you can also leave comments on presentations to stimulate a scientific discussion.

Magnetic Interactions 2019

On the 3rd of January 2019, 54 scientists arrived by car, train, and air to the University of Liverpool, with one thing on their mind: Magnetic Interactions. This rotating yearly event, now in its 3rd decade, brings scientists from the UK and Northern Europe together for 2 days of talks, posters, and networking over dinner.

The first day was focused on recent timescales and began with a tribute to Rod Wilson, the founder of the University of Liverpool Geomagnetism Laboratory, by the head of our laboratory, Prof Andy Biggin. Our first session covered the geophysics of the outer core: Geodynamo processes. Four fascinating talks covered both the actual motion of the outer core and its effects at the Earth surface. We then moved to the second session, in which models of the geomagnetic field were presented from four different perspectives. Immediately afterwards, out came the wine and up went the posters.

After hearing about everything from a new magnetometer system to new geodynamo models to new analysis programs on virtual posters, we reassembled at the Liverpool Anglican Cathedral for a 4-course buffet dinner paid for by our generous sponsors.

The second day expanded our discussion backwards in time and outward into space. We started with our own Ben Handford, who took us back in time to the Triassic and Permian period to discuss its low magnetic field strength. The next talks took us through Earth’s history and then, after some much needed coffee, took us to outer space, where we heard about everything from the Lunar dynamo to nanometer-scale iron grains.

Finally, we gave a tour of the laboratory to half of the delegation, and then we all dispersed, not just for lunch, but also with a renewed drive to continue our research.

– by Michael Grappone

Constraining reversal rates in the lower Carboniferous

We have a new visitor in our lab these days, plastering, drilling and cutting handsamples of limestone blocks. Tereza Kamenikova is a Masters by Research student, doing research at Lancaster University supervised by Dr. Mark Hounslow. She also studies for a second Master’s degree at Charles University in Prague (Czech Republic). The project she is working on in Prague is called ‘Cyclicity and sedimentation rate analysis of the oldest pro-delta deposits in the Most Basin’. During her bachelor degree, she worked on the nature of magnetic anomalies on the Moon, by studying the Apollo 15 samples of lunar rocks.

Tereza is now in the field in South Cumbria, with Mark Hounslow and Courtney Sprain, to obtain more samples of Carboniferous limestones. This project aims to constrain the geomagnetic polarity of the lower Carboniferous, in order to gain a better understanding of the behaviour of the geomagnetic field during this time. South Cumbria has good exposures of lower Carboniferous limestones in abandoned quarries, of which Tereza is taking handsamples. The Carboniferous limestones in this region have been quarried for centuries, and are used as building stones, decorative stones, or are crushed to become rubblestone.

There has been practically no scientific research on these rocks over the last two decades, and we are hoping that Tereza’s project will enthuse a new generation of scientists to study these outcrops.

 

 

IGCP 652 – Bremen

As this is my first post, I should probably give a small introduction of myself and the project that I am working on. I am Annique van der Boon, and I am working on establishing reversal rates during the Devonian and Carboniferous, within the context of the DEEP project.

Last month, I went to Bremen, to the first meeting of IGCP 652 – Reading geologic time in Paleozoic sedimentary rocks . The IGCP projects are UNESCO initiatives that gather participants from all over the world to study a certain topic. IGCP 652 brings together astrochronology, radiometric dating and biostratigraphy, in order to improve the timescale of the Paleozoic, focusing on the Ordovician to Devonian.

The meeting started with a short course on astronomical tuning. For three days we followed lectures about Milankovitch cycles and how they are expressed in sedimentary successions. We then learned to use Astrochron software , in which you can analyse records with geological data for astronomical forcing. During the last day, we got to work with our own data. I had two sets of data from different sections, one of which did not show any cyclicity in the field, which was confirmed by using Astrochron. The other one looked very cyclic in the field, and  this one showed a very good match with one of the Milankovitch cycles, so I was very excited, as I had not done this kind of analysis before.

After the course, my favourite part of the meeting started: we went to look at some outcrops! Over the course of three days, we saw a lot of amazing geology in the Rhenish Massif. We went to quarries that exposed Devonian sediments and volcanic rocks, Permian salts, and Triassic oolites and stromatolites. Especially the Effenberg quarry was impressive. I also made a short video to shows some of the outcrops and explain the IGCP 652 project, which you can see below.

The last part of the meeting consisted of many great talks and posters (mostly) about Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. It was great to meet so many people that also work on the Devonian, and we established a lot of new collaborations during the meeting.

I am interested to find more Devonian and Carboniferous sedimentary records to do magnetostratigraphy on. We are looking for sediments that possibly hold a primary Devonian and Carboniferous magnetisation, and  thus show low thermal maturity (indicated for example by conodont alteration index values of <3) and no signs of chemical alteration. If you happen to know any, please get in touch!

Famennian rocks in the Effenberg quarry showing cyclic sedimentation, picture taken by Anne-Christine Da Silva

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